Nakhjir Cave in Markazi Province, as one of the most important caves in Iran, is on the brink of destruction. This cave faces serious challenges from uncontrolled tourism and mining that threaten its underground life and ecosystem.
Caves; The Natural Freezers of the Earth
Javad Nazemdoost, former president of the Iranian Cave and Speleology Association, likens caves to "the natural freezers of the Earth." He states, "Caves hold some of the most valuable natural reserves of the Earth and provide groundwater resources and diverse habitats." This cave expert points to the importance of caves in preserving biodiversity and also the role of bats in controlling agricultural pests.
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Threats from Tourism and Mining
Nazemdoost criticizes the hasty conversion of caves into tourist destinations, stating, "There is immense pressure to create access routes and facilities as soon as a cave is identified, which can damage its natural structure." He refers to numerous examples of caves that have been damaged due to mining activities, saying, "The Hell Cave in Tabas has been completely destroyed, and now there is no trace of it left."
This cave expert emphasizes that waste in caves has a long lifespan due to the absence of sunlight, stating, "Since 2010, cleaning programs for caves have started with the participation of cave explorers and responsible organizations, but traces of waste are still observed in some caves." He also warns against the use of colored and warm lights in caves, considering this type of lighting a factor in increasing temperature and damaging the natural conditions of the cave.
Nazemdoost stresses the importance of protecting caves, saying, "Caves are the beating heart of the Earth, and their destruction is not easily reversible." He points out that instead of turning new caves into tourist attractions, Iran should focus on proper management and respecting the carrying capacity of existing caves.
Nakhjir Cave, as the most critical cave in Iran, is currently witnessing destruction due to lighting, waste, and physical damage. This situation poses a serious warning not only for the cave but also for all natural resources and cultural heritage of the country.
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