Adult obesity refers to the presence of excess body fat that has significant biological effects on individuals' health. This fat not only accumulates in various areas of the body but also releases hormones and inflammatory signals that can lead to metabolic disorders, inflammation, and various diseases. For example, individuals with obesity are at a higher risk for issues such as arthritis and sleep apnea.
Measuring Obesity with Body Mass Index
Doctors typically measure obesity using the Body Mass Index (BMI). This index estimates how much fat is present in the body based on an individual's weight and height. However, BMI is not a complete measure and cannot accurately assess body fat. For this reason, doctors may also measure patients' waist circumference to gain a more accurate picture of their obesity status.
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For Asian ethnicities, health risks such as diabetes and heart diseases may manifest at lower weights. Therefore, doctors may use a BMI threshold lower than 27.5 or even 25 to classify obesity and initiate early prevention strategies.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity
Obesity diagnosis usually occurs during regular medical visits. The doctor may refer you to specialists such as an obesity physician, endocrinologist, or bariatric surgeon. Since obesity is a chronic disease, treatment focuses on managing it over time. The good news is that losing just 5 to 10 percent of body weight can significantly improve blood pressure, blood sugar, and overall health.
Most obesity treatment programs involve multiple approaches. These approaches can include dietary changes, increased physical activity, and in some cases, the use of medication or surgery. The ultimate goal is for individuals to effectively manage their weight and prevent health issues related to obesity.
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